Oracle Database 11g on Enterprise Linux 5 and CentOS 5

[Hassanmalik]

Introduction
This articles covers the Installation of Oracle Database 11g Release 2 on Enterprise Linux 5 and Suse 11.
Oracle 11g Release 2 launched in August 2009. Now, the product is available on Linux platform. There are almost 400 aditional functionality added by Oracle 11g. After going through the Oracle webcast 11g Release 2, I feel Oracle 11g Rel. 2 more focus on High Availability(easy RAC installation and implementation),Compressing Data,Security,etc.


11g Release 2 required minimum 1gb RAM for the installation. I would recommend minimum 4gb ram will be ideally better. Swap should have double of physical ram.

I recommend the following Server Configuration:

Intel Xeon Processor W5580 3.20ghz
L3 8mb Cache
1 Quad Core
4 to 8gb Ram (an ideal configuration) .
146gb HDD (default) - This configuration can be changed, based on various factors.

The following packages is mandatory for Enterprise Linux : GNOME Desktop Environment ,Graphical Internet, X Window System ,Editors , Development Tools ,Server Configuration Tools,System Tools and Administration Tools.

You can download the software, subject to Oracle Licensing.

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Standard Edition One – support upto 2 cpu
Standard Edition – support upot 4 cpu
Enterprise Edition – unlimited.
(11.2.0.1.0) Linux x86 | Disk 2(2.1 GB)

Set the Linux Kernal Parameters:
Linux Kernel Parameters


What is the Shared Memory ( reference with various linux/unix sites for these parameters.):

The shared memory will hve huge impact on Oracle Performance. So very carefully to be handled.

Shared memory allows processes to access common structures and data by placing them in shared memory segments. It's the fastest form of IPC (Interprocess Communication) available since no kernel involvement occurs when data is passed
between the processes.
Oracle uses shared memory segments for the SGA (Shared Global Area) which is an area of memory that is shared by all Oracle background and foreground processes.

Setting SHMMAX Parameter

This parameter defines the maximum size in bytes for a shared memory segment.
Since the SGA is comprised of shared memory, SHMMAX can potentially limit the size of the SGA.

Setting SHMMNI Parameter
This parameter sets the maximum number of shared memory segments system wide.

Setting SHMALL Parameter
This parameter sets the total amount of shared memory in bytes that can be used at one time on the system.

The SEMMSL Parameter
This parameter defines the maximum number of semaphores per semaphore set.
Oracle recommends to set SEMMSL to the largest PROCESSES init.ora parameter of any database on the Linux system.

The SEMMNI Parameter
This parameter defines the maximum number of semaphore sets in the entire Linux system.

The SEMMNS Parameter
This parameter defines the total number of semaphores (not semaphore set) in the entire Linux system.

The SEMOPM Parameter
This parameter defines the maximum number of semaphore operations that can be performed per [font="]semop(2)[/font] system call.

Setting File Handles
The maximum number of file handles denotes the maximum number of open files that you can have on the Linux system.

Setting System Wide Limit for File Handles

The value in /proc/sys/fs/file-max sets the maximum number of file handles or open files that the Linux kernel will allocate. When you get error messages about running out of file handles, then you might want to raise this limit.
Change the parameters:


Copy sysctl.conf
cp sysctl.conf
sysctl.confold

Cd /etc

Vi sysctl.conf

Add the following:
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536 # 512 * PROCESSES
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

Press Esc :wq

Change the Hosts File Entry


Cd
/etc

Cp hosts hostsold

Vi hosts
IP-address Machinename.domainname Hostname

Press Esc and :wq
Go to /etc/security (cd /etc/security)
Vi limits.conf
Add or change /etc/security/limits.conf file:
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
to save Esc :wq

Go to /etc/pam.d (cd /etc/pam.d)
Vi login
Add or change line to the /etc/pam.d/login file


session required pam_limits.so
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
to save Esc :wq

Very important Steps:
On secure linux has to be disabled:
Go to /etc/selinux(cd /etc/selinux)
Vi config Change or add
SELINUX=disabled
to save Esc :wq

The following packages(rpm) required for Enterprise Linux 5.0 on various cd’s :
Insert the cd
and mount the same
Go to cd /media/cdrom/Server (cd /media/cdrom/Server)
(carefully use –force and –nodeps)

rpm -Uvh binutils-2.17.50.0.6
rpm -Uvh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-0.125
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
rpm -Uvh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.1.2
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.1.2
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.5-24
rpm -Uvh glibc-common-2.5
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.5
rpm -Uvh glibc-headers-2.5
rpm -Uvh kernel-headers-2.6.18
rpm -Uvh ksh-20060214
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.106
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.3.106
rpm -Uvh libgcc-4.1.2
rpm -Uvh libgomp-4.1.2
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-4.1.2
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
rpm -Uvh make-3.81
rpm -Uvh sysstat-7.0.2
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-2.2.11
rpm -Uvh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11


eject or unmount

Linux Enterprise Server 11 - SUSE:

rpm -Uvh binutils-2.19
rpm -Uvh gcc-4.3
rpm -Uvh gcc-c++-4.3
rpm -Uvh glibc-2.9
rpm -Uvh glibc-devel-2.9
rpm -Uvh ksh-93t
rpm -Uvh libstdc++33-3.3.3
rpm -Uvh libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -Uvh libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -Uvh libaio-0.3.104
rpm -Uvh libaio-devel-0.3.104
rpm -Uvh libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022
rpm -Uvh libstdc++-devel-4.3
rpm -Uvh make-3.81
rpm -Uvh sysstat-8.1.5

Create user and groups
Adding Groups

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
groupadd asmadmin
Adding user and assign the group:
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmadmin oracle
Add password for Oracle user
passwd oracle

I would like to light on the "asmadmin" group is used for ASM.
Make directories in which the Oracle Binary to be installed:

mkdir -p /data1/app/oracle/product/11/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data1
chmod -R 777 /data1

Shutdown or
reboot the machine

Login as Oracle
Change/add user enviroment
Go to /home/oracle
Vi .bash_profile
Add the following:
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=machinename.domainname
ORACLE_BASE=/data1/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
Press Esc key :wq

Log out

Login as Oracle user

Run Install
Steps:
Set the Display first
export DISPLAY=hostname:0.0
Or
DISPAY=HOSTNAME:0.0
export
DISPLAY
Go setup Disk directory
Cd Disk1
./runInstaller


Rest follow the GUI provided by Oracle